The C Character Set

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A character denotes any alphabet, digit or special symbol used to represent information. Figure 1 shows the valid alphabet, numbers and special symbols allowed in C

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SEMICONDUCTOR DIODE

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A pn junction is known as a semi-conductor or * crystal diode .                The outstanding property of a crystal diode to conduct current in one direction only permits it to be used as rectifier. A crystal diode is usually represented by the schematic symbol shown in fig 1. The arrow in the symbol indicates the direction of easier conventional current flow. fig. 1      A crystal diode has two terminals. When it bis     connected in a circuit one thing to decide is         whether the diode is forward or reverse biased.     There is an easy rule to ascertain it. If thew external circuit is trying to push the conventional current in the direction of arrow, the diode is forward biased. On the other hand, if the conventional current is trying to flow opposite to arrowhead, the diode is reverse biased. Putting on the simple words :         1) If a...
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the alphabets, numbers and special symbols when properly combined form constants, variables and keywords. Let us see what are 'constants' and 'variables' in C.   A constants is an entity that does not change, whereas, a variable is an entity that may change. In any program we typically do lots of calculations. the result of these calculations are stored in computer's memory. Like human memory, the computer memory also consists of millions of cells. the calculate values are stored in the memory cells. To make the retrieval and used of this values easy these memory cells (also called memory location) are given name. Since the value stored in each location may change the names given to these locations are called variable names. Consider the example shown in bellow.    Here 4 is stored in a memory location and a name X is given to it. then we have assigned a new value 7 to the same memory location X. This would overwrite the earlier value 4, since a memory locatio...
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